Page 1: Describing People (Physical Traits and Personality)
When we describe people, we usually look at two main aspects: their outward appearance (Physical Traits) and their inner character (Personality). Using the right adjectives allows us to identify someone in a crowd or understand what they are like as a person.
1. Physical Appearance
To describe looks, we often focus on hair, height, build, and facial features.
Height: Tall, short, medium height.
Build: Slim, well-built, thin, chubby.
Hair: Curly, straight, wavy, blonde, dark, long, or short.
Face/Eyes: Round face, oval face, big brown eyes, sharp nose.
2. Personality and Character
This describes how a person acts or feels.
Positive: Kind, helpful, cheerful, brave, smart, friendly.
Negative: Lazy, grumpy, shy, arrogant.
Key Points:
Use the verb "to be" for general traits: "She is kind" or "He is tall."
Use the verb "have/has" for specific features: "I have curly hair" or "He has blue eyes."
Page 2: Describing Objects (Color, Shape, and Quantity)
Describing objects (Things) requires us to be more specific about physical properties. This is essential when we are looking for a lost item or explaining a new product. The most common order for descriptions is Quantity -> Shape -> Color -> Object.
1. Color and Appearance
Colors: Red, navy blue, bright yellow, dark green, etc.
Appearance: Shiny, dull, new, antique, clean, dirty.
2. Shape and Size
Shapes: Round, square, rectangular, oval, triangular.
Size: Huge, tiny, large, small, wide, narrow.
3. Material and Quantity
Material: Plastic, wooden, metal, glass, paper.
Quantity: Use numbers (two pencils) or quantifiers (some, many, a few).
Key Points:
Order of Adjectives: We usually say "A small square wooden box" rather than "A wooden square small box."
Sensory Words: Think about how an object feels (smooth/rough) or looks (bright/dim).
Page 3: The Simple Present Tense (Nominal Sentences)
To describe things as they are right now, we use the Simple Present Tense. There are two types of sentences in this tense. The first is the Nominal Sentence, which uses a form of "to be" (am, is, are) because there is no physical action involved.
1. The Formula
| Subject | To Be | Complement (Adjective/Noun/Place) |
| I | am | happy / a teacher. |
| He / She / It | is | tall / a red ball / in the room. |
| You / We / They | are | friendly / students. |
2. Negative and Interrogative
Negative: Add "not" after the To Be. ("It is not a square table.")
Interrogative: Move the To Be to the front. ("Is she a helpful person?")
Key Points:
Nominal sentences are used for states of being, identities, and characteristics.
Never use a "Verb 1" (like run or eat) in a nominal sentence.
Page 4: The Simple Present Tense (Verbal Sentences)
The second type of sentence is the Verbal Sentence. We use this to describe habits, general truths, or actions that happen regularly. This is useful for describing what people do rather than just what they look like.
1. The Formula
For I, You, We, They: Subject + Verb 1. ("They play football every day.")
For He, She, It: Subject + Verb 1 (+s/es). ("She reads a book every night.")
2. Using "Do" and "Does"
In negative and question forms, we need the "helping verb":
Negative: "He does not (doesn't) like spicy food." (The 's' on the verb disappears).
Interrogative: "Do they live here?"
Key Points:
General Truths: Use this for facts. ("The sun rises in the east.")
Frequency: Use words like always, usually, or every day to show how often the action happens.
Example Integration:
"My best friend is Budi. He is a tall boy with short straight hair (Nominal/Physical). He is very smart and hardworking (Personality). Every morning, he brings a large blue backpack to school (Verbal/Object). He always helps me with my homework."
Summary:
By combining physical/personality adjectives, object properties, and the Simple Present Tense, you can create vivid and accurate descriptions of the world around you.
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